Background: The expansion of the use of audio and video media technology has faced society with many medical, cultural and economic challenges. In the meantime, excessive use of mobile phones can cause many problems. Objective: The aim of this study was to construct and validate a questionnaire on physical and psychological injuries of mobile phones. Method: The method of the present study was descriptive-correlational and confirmatory factor analysis. The statistical population of the study consisted of all citizens of Khorramabad with a diploma or higher in 1399, which was selected as a statistical sample by available sampling method of 200 people online and virtual. Results: The results showed that the factorized physical and psychological harm questionnaire of cell phone with 42 questions and 10 components (fear of loss, vibration syndrome, duck syndrome, nomophobia, insomnia, hearing problem, eye syndrome, tunnel and neck syndrome SMS) and has good reliability, validity and flexibility in terms of psychometrics. Discussion and Conclusion: The questionnaire of factor analysis of physical and psychological injuries of mobile phones can be used to identify and study the physical and psychological injuries of mobile phones.

Sustainable development does not work without education and both without the institutionalization of research. The first condition is to pay attention to research in all parts of the school, which is achieved in the form of a researcher school. The present study was conducted with the aim of designing and validating the researcher school MODEL using a combined method of multi-stage exploratory type. In the qualitative part of the study, the phenomenological strategy was performed and the quantitative part of the study was performed through factor analysis. Methods of obtaining data: included semi-structured individual interviews with educational scientists and qualitative analysis of texts. In order to assess the accuracy of the interview questions, the question form was reviewed by 10 experts and professors in the field of educational sciences. The continuity of the interview form has been examined by providing a summary of the identified topics and topics to three experts through qualitative study methods and applying their opinions. 30 professors of Farhangian University and PhD students of educational sciences, experts of relevant departments of the Ministry of Education, successful principals and teachers in the country were selected by purposive sampling method. In this study, the components of values, learning education activities, professional competencies, educational-executive structure, out-of-school interactions and equipment are of equal importance for scientific experts and professors.

This study aimed to validate a structural MODEL of smart tourism by examining the impact of multiple technological, behavioral, and managerial constructs on the development of smart tourism in Kish Island, Iran. The research employed a quantitative design using a descriptive-correlational strategy and structural equation MODELing (SEM) to evaluate the proposed MODEL. A two-stage sampling method was applied: first, cluster sampling was used to randomly select 30 hotels from 51 active establishments in Kish Island,second, simple random sampling was used to select tourists from these hotels. Out of 311 distributed questionnaires, 273 were deemed valid and analyzed. A 45-item smart tourism scale developed by the researchers was used for data collection, with its content validity confirmed by experts (CVI = 0. 82). Cronbach’s alpha, composite reliability (CR), average variance extracted (AVE), and discriminant validity tests were conducted to ensure measurement reliability and validity. Data were analyzed using SPSS-24 and SmartPLS-3. All eight independent variables—perceived value, economic development, smart technology, tourist behavior, complementary activities, destination capability, information management, and smartification—had statistically significant effects on smart tourism. Smart technology (β = 0. 269, p < 0. 001) and economic development (β = 0. 199, p < 0. 001) showed the strongest influences. MODEL fit indices, including AVE (>0. 50), CR (>0. 70), and goodness-of-fit (GOF = 0. 725), confirmed the MODEL’s validity and predictive power. Discriminant validity was also established using the Fornell-Larcker criterion. The validated smart tourism MODEL demonstrates that technological infrastructure, managerial readiness, and tourist-centered strategies are essential for developing smart tourism destinations. These findings offer both theoretical insight and practical guidance for enhancing tourism innovation, competitiveness, and sustainability in similar regional contexts.

In order to predict the behavior of soil-related phenomena, it is necessary to have knowledge about unsaturated flow and using MODELs that provide optimal estimates of the retention curve and hydraulic conductivity of soils. Despite the widespread use of the classic van Genuchten-Mualem MODEL (VGM), this MODEL usually performs poorly in predicting hydraulic conductivity and modification of some of its parameters seems necessary. In this research, 283 soils from different textures of the UNSODA bank were selected and divided into two sections of calibration and VALIDATION and their soil parameters were exported and categorized. Then, by defining the modified unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksc) instead of the saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) and determining the limits for l and n parameters, the hydraulic conductivity-moisture function of VGM were solved using 24600 pairs of points li and nj for each soil of the three main soil texture classes. In the following, the optimal l value (l̂) of each texture class was selected based on the minimum value of the hydraulic conductivity estimation error using the root mean square error (RMSE) index and the n values that had created the minimum errors, were selected as the optimal pore size distribution coefficients of the hydraulic conductivity-moisture function (n̂opt). In order to create pedotransfer functions for estimating n̂opt, we ran stepwise regression in MATLAB software considering the condition of statistical significance (P-value=0.05) for independent variables and functions for each soil texture class. After creating pedotransfer functions, the results of the proposed method of this research (MVGM) were compared with the VGM results using RMSE and Nash-Sutcliffe (NSE) indices. The results showed that in both sections of creation and VALIDATION functions, the MVGM performed better in estimating hydraulic conductivity and had a higher efficiency index in all textural classes of soil.

Background and Objectives: The purpose of this research is to design and validate the literacy curriculum MODEL. Methods: This research is based on practical purpose and qualitative approach, research synthesis was used to design the curriculum and Delphi technique was used for VALIDATION. The research community consists of documents in the research synthesis section and individuals in the Delphi technique section. The documents include UNESCO reports, treatises, theses, articles, books, authentic and new research projects about literacy in Iran and the world, and people including literacy curriculum experts. For sample selection in the research synthesis section, the emphasis is on new and valid samples. In the accreditation section, 5 literacy curriculum specialists have been selected in a targeted method based on criteria. In the synthesis part of the research, the note sheet was used, and in the VALIDATION part, the semi-structured interview was used as a research tool. Findings: At the end, the literacy curriculum template including elements such as goals, content, teaching-learning methods, evaluation and instructor was designed and modified and approved by literacy curriculum experts. Conclusion: Considering the importance of the literacy course, the elements of the curriculum should be defined for the audience and trainers of this course and act according to the suggested MODEL.

Academic guidance, is the guidance in an almost appropriate field, based on talent and interest of students, with consideration of possibilities and needs of country. The wrong choice of field of study causes scientific decline, damage to human and economic resources, incuriosity towards social issues, and making physiological disorder in social and personal life of student. If students get academic guidance by masters, they will involve with learning activities in educational path of their talents and interests. One of the results of unequal distribution of students ‘population is dismissing some fields of studies, lack of teacher in some demanded fields and unemployment of experienced teachers in left fields. This problem makes disorders in education and breeding of students and also lack of needed resources for selected fields of study by many students. academic guidance is one of the biggest problems which every student is involved with. academic guidance is very important in job making, and even marriage so it can be declared that academic guidance covers and involves any choose of student. so if it is done correctly, it will cause many successes in everybody’s life. According to everything mentioned above, the main issue of research is: accreditation of academic guidance with system of educational department in the country what are the factors and criterions in education and breeding?  What is the proper accreditation of academic guidance with education and breeding? How much is credit rating of factors of accreditation of academic guidance? From the fundamental goal this research and the way of gathering data point of view, was the description of cross-sectional navigation and in the nature of data`s view is mixed with the quantity and quality approach. Statistical society in qualitative section was included entire experts and connoisseurs of education department in Kermanshah who are experienced in theoretical and scientific issues in academic guidance. Also in quantitative section, it was included of entire of all head masters in guidance schools in educational year 1400/1401. the method of sampling in qualitative part was in the form of non-probable target. For the limitation of statistical society, the method of sampling in quantitative part was in the form of census. the tools of gathering data in qualitative section was semi-structured interview. in quantitative section was a questionnaire with 175 questions in Likret-scale. tests from of KIzer-Mir-Alkin, Krowit Bartlet, factor analyses in first and second level and goodness-of-fit test used for first step analyses of quantitative section. For surface supplying in qualitative section, used the analyses of persons out of research range. In first step of open coding, 29 concept achieved. the data of second step coding were categorized in 29 main parts. in axial coding 12 parts selected. in selective coding part, these 12 materials promoted abstractive and classified based on conditional properties. The condition of accreditation of academic guidance is based on 5 main axial codes (performance test, interest meter test, capacity test) academic guidance(guide according to community needs, guidance based on talents, guidance based on values and expectations)educational view  (the view based on peers, social view, scientific and cultural view)motivation(internal and external)score(points` scores  and view score) grounded condition of academic guidance based on a code-oriented contextual consolation(preparation of consultation) The condition of academic intervention is based on consulting grounding axial code of obstacles in students ‘education (their parents, lacking plan and consulting, carelessness of masters, unemployment of graduates, ignorance of practical fields). strategies, interactions of accreditation of academic guidance based on 3 axial main codes of psychological strategy (not interaction of parents, self-finding talents of students and self-motivating of students) supervisory strategy (supervision of education process and information strategy) the consequences of accreditation of academic guidance is also based on 2 axial external codes(providing future`s job and selecting proper field)and internal performance(growing talents and getting scientific of choosing field)according to this matter that  interactive and conditional /strategic categories and their results are partly same and overlapping, we can do codding again. The result of checking factor analyses showed a prove on first and second steps. all the factors of accreditation of academic guidance are highly valued. and also indicators of factors analyses` fitness showed that presented fitness of factor analyses is perfect. so if head masters and skillful consolers be aware of entire factors and check all the materials in accreditation of academic guidance, they will provide a good grounded condition for students. definitely the results will be visible in  all schools. so providing a good future job,   satisfaction of students about their field of study, decreasing  academic failure will be shown. If all the factors happen correctly, growing talents and no unemployment of students is the result. So considering this issue by head masters and consolers is vital

Background: Today, environmental changes and organizations' reactions to these changes are one of the main problems in understanding the behavior of organizations, which requires a new management method. Therefore, in order to maintain the balance of internal needs and adapt to the environmental conditions, the education and training organization needs a management in which the causal, contextual, intervening conditions, consequences and organizational ecology management strategies are carefully examined. To help improve organizational behavior and interactions between organization members and the natural environment Aims: The current research was conducted with the aim of validating the management MODEL of organizational ecology in Tehran education. Methods: The method of the current research was correlation with confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation MODELing. The research community included all the education managers of Tehran in 2023, of which 400 were selected using the available method. The measurement part of the paradigmatic MODEL was done based on confirmatory factor analysis with AMOS software and the structural part of the MODEL was done using structural equations based on partial least squares with PLS-3 software. Results: The results showed that the research MODEL has a good fit. In the paradigmatic MODEL of organizational ecology management, causal conditions are based on phenomenon (P< 0. 001, β= 0. 817), phenomenon-oriented on strategies (P< 0. 001, β= 0. 497), strategies on consequences (P< 0. 001), β= 0. 361), intervening conditions have an effect on the results (P< 0. 001, β= 0. 284) and background factors have an effect on the results (P< 0. 001, β= 0. 337). Conclusion: Organizational ecology management is a basic solution for the development of successful and flexible interactions of the employees of the education and training organization with each other and with the environment, and managers should, by knowing the effective components of organizational ecology management, take it into account in their planning. pay attention.